This paper will analyze the Bilfinger case involving corruption activity at the 2014 FIFA World Cup and offer insights for sponsors of the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Because Brazil hosted the 2014 FIFA World Cup and will host the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, companies need to consider the risks of many international anti-corruption laws, such as Brazil’s anti-corruption law commonly referred as The Clean Companies Act and other applicable anticorruption law like the United States’ Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (Rogers, et. The corruption allegations relate to orders to equip security command centers at twelve host cities during the 2014 World Cup in Brazil (dw.com, 2015). com, 2015) to public officials in Brazil for contracts related to the 2014 World Cup (Cassin, 2015). The company is accused of paying bribes through its subsidiary company, Mauell, (dw. ![]() The respondents interested in tennis are mostly attracted to watching matches and following their favorite player’s conduct.īilfinger SE (Bilfinger) is a leading international engineering and services group (, 2015), and was a local sponsor of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Based on the results of the study, the conclusion can be drawn that most participants are attracted by sports celebrity endorsement promotions (61.81%) that help them identify the brand (63.43% thus confirming the initial hypothesis). It is important for sports because in this way the performance of athletes can be valorized on the global market. ![]() The quality of this relationship is determined by the tendency of respondents (N=314) to make a decision to purchase products of companies that hire famous athletes. ![]() The aim of the paper is, therefore, to establish a link between athletes and potential customers, which offers the market (through the transfer of athletes) the image of the company that is acquired through access to a public promotional effect.The problem to be solved in this paper is to explain the relationship that exists between successful athletes and their fans. Sports marketers have had to become much more entrepreneurial to create a competitive advantage for a sports organization and deliver relationship value to consumers. Our study enriches the tourism literature by quantifying the adverse impact of air pollution on a country’s inbound tourism using big data. By estimating their respective likelihoods of revisiting, our results indicate that travelers who encountered air pollution during their trips are 92.857% less likely to revisit a specific city and 93.421% less likely to revisit China. ![]() It then employs propensity score matching technique to detect a matching group of travelers with identical characteristics who did not report air-pollution-related issues in reviews. The study first identifies travelers affected by air pollution through analyzing their reviews. This study strives to quantify the adverse impact of air pollution on foreign tourists’ revisiting behaviors to China by analyzing large numbers of TripAdvisor reviews. However, such impacts are difficult to quantify. Adverse meteorological conditions and air pollution resulting from human activities, such as extreme weather and smog, adversely affect the global tourism industry.
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